tobacco
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TON vs. Smoking Bans and Smoker/Nonsmoker Disparity
The Titles of Nobility Clauses (Art. I §9 Cl. 8 federal + Art. I §10 Cl. 1) forbid government from granting or enforcing enduring legal hierarchies of superior/inferior status by sovereign fiat; no state-created nobility or serfdom, no enduring privileged or disadvantaged legal classes. Smoking bans and the resulting smoker/nonsmoker disparity are TON-vulnerable in several
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The Smoker’s Paradox Through the SCN⁻ Lens
The “smoker’s paradox” has puzzled researchers for decades. In certain situations, smokers show outcomes that look unexpectedly better than non‑smokers in a way that doesn’t line up with the standard narrative. For years, the default explanation was nicotine. But that theory collapses the moment you look at the data. If nicotine were the protective factor,
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